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Philosophy in the Flesh

the Embodied Mind & its Challenge to Western Thought
, Mark Johnson , local 
Buchcover

iconZusammenfassungen

Philosophy in the FleshWhat are human beings like? How is knowledge possible? What is truth? Where do moral values come from? Questions like these have stood at the center of Western philosophy for centuries. In addressing them, philosophers have made certain fundamental assumptions—that we can know our own minds by introspection, that most of our thinking about the world is literal, and that reason is disembodied and universal—that are now called into question by well-established results of cognitive science. It has been shown empirically that:Most thought is unconscious. We have no direct conscious access to the mechanisms of thought and language. Our ideas go by too quickly and at too deep a level for us to observe them in any simple way.Abstract concepts are mostly metaphorical. Much of the subject matter of philosopy, such as the nature of time, morality, causation, the mind, and the self, relies heavily on basic metaphors derived from bodily experience. What is literal in our reasoning about such concepts is minimal and conceptually impoverished. All the richness comes from metaphor. For instance, we have two mutually incompatible metaphors for time, both of which represent it as movement through space: in one it is a flow past us and in the other a spatial dimension we move along.Mind is embodied. Thought requires a body—not in the trivial sense that you need a physical brain to think with, but in the profound sense that the very structure of our thoughts comes from the nature of the body. Nearly all of our unconscious metaphors are based on common bodily experiences.Most of the central themes of the Western philosophical tradition are called into question by these findings. The Cartesian person, with a mind wholly separate from the body, does not exist. The Kantian person, capable of moral action according to the dictates of a universal reason, does not exist. The phenomenological person, capable of knowing his or her mind entirely through introspection alone, does not exist. The utilitarian person, the Chomskian person, the poststructuralist person, the computational person, and the person defined by analytic philosopy all do not exist.Then what does?Lakoff and Johnson show that a philosopy responsible to the science of mind offers radically new and detailed understandings of what a person is. After first describing the philosophical stance that must follow from taking cognitive science seriously, they re-examine the basic concepts of the mind, time, causation, morality, and the self: then they rethink a host of philosophical traditions, from the classical Greeks through Kantian morality through modern analytic philosopy. They reveal the metaphorical structure underlying each mode of thought and show how the metaphysics of each theory flows from its metaphors. Finally, they take on two major issues of twentieth-century philosopy: how we conceive rationality, and how we conceive language.Philosopy in the Flesh reveals a radically new understanding of what it means to be human and calls for a thorough rethinking of the Western philosophical tradition. This is philosopy as it has never been seen before.
Von Klappentext im Buch Philosophy in the Flesh (1999)

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Personen
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Daniel Kahneman , Amos Tversky

Begriffe
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Denkenthinking , Gehirnbrain , Kognitionswissenschaftcognitive science , Körperbody , Philosophiephilosophy , Theorietheory , Wahrheittruth
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Bücher
Jahr  Umschlag Titel Abrufe IBOBKBLB
1982 local  Judgment under Uncertainty (Daniel Kahneman, Paul Slovic, Amos Tversky) 1, 4, 14, 1, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 12, 5, 3 45163351
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Texte
Jahr  Umschlag Titel Abrufe IBOBKBLB
1974 local web  Judgment under uncertainty (Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman) 3, 8, 1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 2, 7, 9, 3, 1 2431304

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iconErwähnungen  Dies ist eine nach Erscheinungsjahr geordnete Liste aller im Biblionetz vorhandenen Werke, die das ausgewählte Thema behandeln.

iconCo-zitierte Bücher

Buchcover

Gödel, Escher, Bach

Ein endloses geflochtenes Band

Gödel, Escher, Bach

an Eternal Golden Braid

(Douglas Hofstadter) (1979)  local 
Buchcover

Cybernetics

or Control and Communication in the Animal

(Norbert Wiener) (1963) local 

Women, fire, and dangerous things

What categories reveal about the mind

(G. Lakoff) (1987)
Buchcover

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