In this paper we do not discuss concrete projects or ideas how Semantic technologies can enhance Web-based learning environments. The focus of this contribution lies on a conceptual level, namely in the discussion about learning with the Semantic Web and the basic aspects which have to be taken into account.

Developers of new learning scenarios – either from technological or educational background – act upon their (implicit) theories and concepts of learning and technology. Especially in the field of learning with the Semantic Web, there is – up to now – no awareness about the differing (and conflicting) underlying concepts. In this contribution, we try to identify and discuss fundamental aspects of implemented or discussed learning scenarios. For that, we screened selected (current) projects concerning learning with the Semantic Web according to their underlying or explicitly pointed out concepts and theories.