With the opportunities and challenges stemming from the artificial intelligence developments and its
integration into society, AI literacy becomes a key concern. Utilizing quality AI literacy instruments is
crucial for understanding and promoting AI literacy development. This systematic review assessed the
quality of AI literacy scales using the COSMIN tool aiming to aid researchers in choosing instruments
for AI literacy assessment. This review identified 22 studies validating 16 scales targeting various
populations including general population, higher education students, secondary education students,
and teachers. Overall, the scales demonstrated good structural validity and internal consistency. On
the other hand, only a few have been tested for content validity, reliability, construct validity, and
responsiveness. None of the scales have been tested for cross-cultural validity and measurement
error. Most studies did not report any interpretability indicators and almost none had raw data
available. There are 3 performance-based scale available, compared to 13 self-report scales.
From Tomáš Lintner in the text A systematic review of AI literacy scales (2024)